Semantic Assistance for Data Utilization and Curation

We propose that most data stores for large organizations are ill-designed for the future, due to limited searchability of the databases. The study of the Semantic Web has been an emerging technology since first proposed by Berners-Lee. New vocabularies have emerged, such as FOAF, Dublin Core, and PROV-O ontologies. These vocabularies, combined, can relate people, places, things, and events. Technologies developed for the Semantic Web, namely the standardized vocabularies for expressing metadata, will make data easier to utilize. We gathered use cases for various data sources, from human resources to big enterprise. Most of our use cases reflect real-world data. We developed a software package for transforming data into these semantic vocabularies, and developed a method of querying via graphical constructs. The development and testing proved itself to be useful. We conclude that data can be preserved or revived through the use of the metadata techniques for the Semantic Web

Semantic Assistance for Data Utilization and Curation

We propose that most data stores for large organizations are ill-designed for the future, due to limited searchability of the databases. The study of the Semantic Web has been an emerging technology since first proposed by Berners-Lee. New vocabularies have emerged, such as FOAF, Dublin Core, and PROV-O ontologies. These vocabularies, combined, can relate people, places, things, and events. Technologies developed for the Semantic Web, namely the standardized vocabularies for expressing metadata, will make data easier to utilize. We gathered use cases for various data sources, from human resources to big enterprise. Most of our use cases reflect real-world data. We developed a software package for transforming data into these semantic vocabularies, and developed a method of querying via graphical constructs. The development and testing proved itself to be useful. We conclude that data can be preserved or revived through the use of the metadata techniques for the Semantic Web

Female rats are not more variable than male rats: a meta-analysis of neuroscience studies

Abstract Background Not including female rats or mice in neuroscience research has been justified due to the variable nature of female data caused by hormonal fluctuations associated with the female reproductive cycle. In this study, we investigated whether female rats are more variable than male rats in scientific reports of neuroscience-related traits. Methods PubMed and Web of Science were searched for the period from August 1, 2010, to July 31, 2014, for articles that included both male and female rats and that measured diverse aspects of brain function. Only empirical articles using both male and female gonad-intact adult rats, written in English, and including the number of subjects (or a range) were included. This resulted in 311 articles for analysis. Data were extracted from digital images from article PDFs and from manuscript tables and text. The mean and standard deviation (SD) were determined for each data point and their quotient provided a coefficient of variation (CV) as a measure of trait-specific variability for each sex. Additionally, the results were coded for the type of research being measured (behavior, electrophysiology, histology, neurochemistry, and non-brain measures) and for the strain of rat. Over 6000 data points were extracted for both males and females. Subsets of the data were coded for whether male and female mean values differed significantly and whether animals were grouped or individually housed. Results Across all traits, there were no sex differences in trait variability, as indicated by the CV, and there were no sex differences in any of the four neuroscience categories, even in instances in which mean values for males and females were significantly different. Female rats were not more variable at any stage of the estrous cycle than male rats. There were no sex differences in the effect of housing conditions on CV. On one of four measures of non-brain function, females were more variable than males. Conclusions We conclude that even when female rats are used in neuroscience experiments without regard to the estrous cycle stage, their data are not more variable than those of male rats. This is true for behavioral, electrophysiological, neurochemical, and histological measures. Thus, when designing neuroscience experiments to include both male and female rats, power analyses based on variance in male measures are sufficient to yield accurate numbers for females as well, even when the estrous cycle is not taken into consideration.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134612/1/13293_2016_Article_87.pd

High magnitude and rapid incision from river capture: Rhine River, Switzerland

Landscape evolution is controlled by the development and organization of drainage basins. As a landscape evolves, drainage reorganization events can occur via river capture or piracy, whereby one river basin grows at the expense of another. The river downstream of a capture location will generate a transient topographic response as the added water discharge increases sediment transport and erosion efficiency. This erosional response will propagate upstream through both the captured and original river basins. Here we focus on quantifying the impact of drainage reorganization along the Rhine/Aare River system (~45,000 km 2 ) during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene, where gravel remnants indicate total incision of ~650 m during the last ~4.2 Myr in the region of the recent Aare‐Rhine confluence. We develop a numerical model of drainage capture to quantify the range of possible magnitudes of erosion and the transient river response resulting from the reorganization of the Rhine River. The model accounts for both fluvial incision and sediment transport. Our model estimates 400–800 m of river elevation change (lowering profiles) during the last ~4 Myr due to river capture events, providing an important component to the recent exhumation budget of the Swiss Alpine Foreland. The model indicates a rapid response to capture events (re‐equilibration timescale of ~1 Myr). The predicted incision magnitudes are consistent with incision measured from the elevation of Pliocene and early Pleistocene river gravels, suggesting that across northern Switzerland, a significant amount of incision can be explained by drainage reorganization. Key Points Drainage capture has caused significant erosion along the Rhine River The transient erosional wave propagates quickly through the landscape The incision is a significant fraction of Plio‐Pleistocene erosion in the regionPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99064/1/jgrf20056.pd

A collaborative approach to socio-economic assessment to increase coastal marsh and community resilience on the Chesapeake Bay

Sea level rise and other stressors in the mid-Atlantic U.S. are impacting the resilience of coastal communities, and increase their overall physical and socio-economic vulnerabilities. The Deal Island Peninsula on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay, MD is used as a case study of a coastal heritage community that is undergoing these stressors and is involved in stakeholder-driven resilience and adaptation planning. In this interdisciplinary socio-ecological project funded by the NERRS Science Collaborative, a socio-economic analysis of a culturally rich coastal community is performed as a sub-study. The goals of the socio-economic analysis are to 1) better understand stakeholder relationships with marsh ecosystems and services they provide, 2) bring stakeholder perceptions and values of socio-ecological services into a coastal decision-making framework, and 3) bridge the gap between science and decision-making through improved communication and collaboration. The methodologies employed take the nature of a collaborative learning approach, coupled with the Q-sort technique. In this presentation, discussion topics include the collaborative approach taken toward a socio-economic assessment, preliminary results of the Q-sort, and indicators of community adaptation efforts

Lithologic Effects on Landscape Response to Base Level Changes: A Modeling Study in the Context of the Eastern Jura Mountains, Switzerland

Landscape evolution is a product of the forces that drive geomorphic processes (e.g., tectonics and climate) and the resistance to those processes. The underlying lithology and structural setting in many landscapes set the resistance to erosion. This study uses a modified version of the Channel‐Hillslope Integrated Landscape Development (CHILD) landscape evolution model to determine the effect of a spatially and temporally changing erodibility in a terrain with a complex base level history. Specifically, our focus is to quantify how the effects of variable lithology influence transient base level signals. We set up a series of numerical landscape evolution models with increasing levels of complexity based on the lithologic variability and base level history of the Jura Mountains of northern Switzerland. The models are consistent with lithology (and therewith erodibility) playing an important role in the transient evolution of the landscape. The results show that the erosion rate history at a location depends on the rock uplift and base level history, the range of erodibilities of the different lithologies, and the history of the surface geology downstream from the analyzed location. Near the model boundary, the history of erosion is dominated by the base level history. The transient wave of incision, however, is quite variable in the different model runs and depends on the geometric structure of lithology used. It is thus important to constrain the spatiotemporal erodibility patterns downstream of any given point of interest to understand the evolution of a landscape subject to variable base level in a quantitative framework.Key PointsA landscape evolution model is used to show how topographic history is influenced by regional geologyExhumation of different lithologies modulates the transient response to base level changes over millions of yearsSignificantly different erosion and topographic histories result depending on the stratigraphic architecture, even over a small range in erodibilityPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141336/1/jgrf20766_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141336/2/jgrf20766.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141336/3/jgrf20766-sup-0001-Data_S1.pd

The Lithium Depletion Boundary and the Age of the Young Open Cluster IC~2391

We have obtained new photometry and intermediate resolution ($\Delta \lambda = 2.7$ \AA\ ) spectra of 19 of these objects (14.9 $\le$ $I_c$ $\le$ 17.5) in order to confirm cluster membership. We identify 15 of our targets as likely cluster members based on their $VRI$ photometry, spectral types, radial velocity, and H$\alpha$ emission strengths. Higher S/N spectra were obtained for 8 of these probable cluster members in order to measure the strength of the lithium 6708 \AA\ doublet and thus obtain an estimate of the cluster's age. One of these 8 stars has a definite lithium detection and two other (fainter) stars have possible lithium detections. A color-magnitude diagram for our program objects shows that the lithium depletion boundary in IC~2391 is at $I_c$=16.2. Using recent theoretical model predictions, we derive an age for IC~2391 of 53$\pm$5 Myr. While this is considerably older than the age most commonly attributed for this cluster ($\sim$35 Myr) this result for IC~2391 is comparable those recently derived for the Pleiades and Alpha Persei clusters and can be explained by new models for high mass stars that incorporate a modest amount of convective core overshooting.Comment: ApJ Letters, acccepte

Glycemic Control and Alveolar Bone Loss Progression in Type 2 Diabetes

This study tested the hypothesis that the risk for alveolar bone loss is greater, and bone loss progression more severe, for subjects with poorly controlled (PC) type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) compared to those without type 2 DM or with better controlled (BC) type 2 DM. The PC group had glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) ≥ 9%; the BC group had HbA1 < 9%. Data from the longitudinal study of the oral health of residents of the Gila River Indian Community were analyzed. Of the 359 subjects, aged 15 to 57 with less than 25% radiographic bone loss at baseline, 338 did not have type 2 DM, 14 were BC, and 7 were PC. Panoramic radiographs were used to assess interproximal bone level. Bone scores (scale 0–4) corresponding to bone loss of 0%, 1% to 24%, 25% to 49%, 50% to 74%, or ≥ 75% were used to identify the worst bone score (WBS) in the dentition. Change in worst bone score at follow‐up, the outcome, was specified on a 4‐category ordinal scale as no change, or a 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, or 4‐category increase over baseline WBS (WBS1). Poorly controlled diabetes, age, calculus, time to follow‐up examination, and WBS1 were statistically significant explanatory variables in ordinal logistic regression models. Poorly controlled type 2 DM was positively associated with greater risk for a change in bone score (compared to subjects without type 2 DM) when the covariates were included in the model. The cumulative odds ratio (COR) at each threshold of the ordered response was 11.4 (95% CI = 2.5, 53.3). When contrasted with subjects with BC type 2 DM, the COR for those in the PC group was 5.3 (95% CI = 0.8, 53.3). The COR for subjects with BC type 2 DM was 2.2 (95% CI = 0.7, 6.5), when contrasted to those without type 2 DM. These results suggest that poorer glycemic control leads to both an increased risk for alveolar bone loss and more severe progression over those without type 2 DM, and that there may be a gradient, with the risk for bone loss progression for those with better controlled type 2 DM intermediate to the other 2 groups. Ann Periodontol 1998;3:30–39.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142262/1/aape0030.pd

Shortening the Postoperative Length of Stay following Total Knee Arthroplasty does not Negatively Impact Short-term Patient Outcomes; a Retrospective Review of the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Safely Decreasing Postoperative Length of Stay for Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) Patients Following the COVID-19 Pandemichttps://knowledgeconnection.mainehealth.org/lambrew-retreat-2023/1024/thumbnail.jp